Endogenous, exogenous or environmental factors are included here, as well as those activities that are developed by the population to induce or maintain sleep, with its study and care becoming a challenge for Nursing. On the other hand, the sleep habits are in the intersection between biological and cultural values. In this sense, a circadian rhythm is a natural, internal process, driven by a circadian clock that repeats roughly every 24 h and regulates the sleep-wake cycle. The sleep pattern refers to the personal schedule of bedtime and wake-up time. The first term refers to the personal preferences of scheduling the sleep-wake cycle, emphasizing three basic chronotypes: morning (early-risers), and evening (night-owls) and those who are intermediate, defined as those who do not have clear preferences towards any of the extreme schedules for the fulfilling of their activities. Īmong biological factors determining sleep, there are “chronotypes” and sleep patterns. Indeed, the chronic lack of sleep is a recent worry among adolescents and young university students and it is associated with worse health and clinical outcomes. Sleep is a complex phenomenon resulting from the interaction between the neuroendocrine system, biological clock and biochemical processes, with environmental, social and cultural aspects that are very relevant in the life stages of adolescence and youth. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
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